Ubuntu 10.10 : Postfix , Courier-pop/imap Basic configuration( SMTP , POP3 , IMAP )

基本的なメールの設定。メールの送受信をできるようにする。

root@ubuntu-7:~# tail -1 /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS"

[ SMTPの設定: Postfix ]

・Postfixをインストール

root@ubuntu-7:~# apt-get install postfix mailutils root@ubuntu-7:~# dpkg -l postfix | tail -1 ii  postfix                           2.7.0-1                    High-performance mail transport agent

・テスト用ユーザを作成

root@ubuntu-7:/home# useradd -m -s /bin/bash test01 root@ubuntu-7:/home# passwd test01

・Postfixのコンフィグ。mydestination を自分のホスト名、ドメイン名にする。

root@ubuntu-7:/home# egrep -v ^# /etc/postfix/main.cf | egrep -v ^$ smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = no smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache myhostname = ubuntu-7.example.jp alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = ubuntu-7.example.jp, localhost.example.jp, example.jp, localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 192.168.11.0/24 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all

・BINDの設定

テスト用ドメイン example.jp の MX をひけるようにする。

root@ubuntu-7:~# cat /var/cache/bind/example.jp.zone $TTL    3600 @       IN      SOA     example.jp. root.example.jp.  (                                2010122402      ; Serial                                3600            ; Refresh                                900             ; Retry                                3600000         ; Expire                                3600 )          ; Minimum        IN      NS      ubuntu-7.example.jp.        IN      MX      0 ubuntu-7.example.jp. ubuntu-7        IN      A       192.168.11.150

root@ubuntu-7:~# dig @127.1 example.jp mx ; <<>> DiG 9.7.0-P1 <<>> @127.1 example.jp mx ; (1 server found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 23181 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;example.jp.                    IN      MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: example.jp.             3600    IN      MX      0 ubuntu-7.example.jp. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: example.jp.             3600    IN      NS      ubuntu-7.example.jp. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ubuntu-7.example.jp.    3600    IN      A       192.168.11.150

・Postfix起動

root@ubuntu-7:~# /etc/init.d/postfix start * Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent postfix   ...done. root@ubuntu-7:~# postfix status postfix/postfix-script: the Postfix mail system is running: PID: 3034

設定は postconf で確認できる。

root@ubuntu-7:~# postconf | head -5 2bounce_notice_recipient = postmaster access_map_defer_code = 450 access_map_reject_code = 554 address_verify_cache_cleanup_interval = 12h address_verify_default_transport = $default_transport

・メール送信

root@ubuntu-7:~# telnet 127.1 25 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to 127.1. Escape character is '^]'. 220 ubuntu-7.example.jp ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) ehlo localhost 250-ubuntu-7.example.jp 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN mail from:root@localhost 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to:test01@example.jp 250 2.1.5 Ok data 354 End data with . subject: test hello! . 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as E6B3B2036E quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host.

・ユーザ test01 になってメールをチェック

root@ubuntu-7:~# su - test01

mail コマンドでメッセージを確認。

test01@ubuntu-7:~$ mail "/var/mail/test01": 1 message 1 new >N   1 root@localhost     火 12月 28 04:  13/443   test ? 1 Return-Path: X-Original-To: test01@example.jp Delivered-To: test01@example.jp Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])        by ubuntu-7.example.jp (Postfix) with ESMTP id E6B3B2036E        for ; Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:26:43 +0000 (UTC) subject: test Message-Id: <20101228042651.E6B3B2036E@ubuntu-7.example.jp> Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:26:43 +0000 (UTC) From: root@localhost To: undisclosed-recipients:; hello! ? quit Saved 1 message in /home/test01/mbox Held 0 messages in /var/mail/test01

/var/mail/test01 のメールの内容が /home/test01/mbox に書きだされる。

test01@ubuntu-7:~$ cat /home/test01/mbox From root@localhost  Tue Dec 28 04:27:05 2010 Return-Path: X-Original-To: test01@example.jp Delivered-To: test01@example.jp Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])        by ubuntu-7.example.jp (Postfix) with ESMTP id E6B3B2036E        for ; Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:26:43 +0000 (UTC) subject: test Message-Id: <20101228042651.E6B3B2036E@ubuntu-7.example.jp> Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:26:43 +0000 (UTC) From: root@localhost To: undisclosed-recipients:; hello!

・メール保存をスプールからディレクトリ方式に変更

今はスプール形式

root@ubuntu-7:~# postconf | grep mail_spool mail_spool_directory = /var/mail

ひとつのファイルにメールが保存される。

root@ubuntu-7:~# cat /var/mail/test01 From root@example.jp  Tue Dec 28 04:44:15 2010 Return-Path: X-Original-To: test01@example.jp Delivered-To: test01@example.jp Received: from localhsot (localhost [127.0.0.1])        by ubuntu-7.example.jp (Postfix) with ESMTP id 54BD42036E        for ; Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:44:01 +0000 (UTC) Message-Id: <20101228044408.54BD42036E@ubuntu-7.example.jp> Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:44:01 +0000 (UTC) From: root@example.jp To: undisclosed-recipients:; aaa / From root@example.jp  Tue Dec 28 04:44:39 2010 Return-Path: X-Original-To: test01@example.jp Delivered-To: test01@example.jp Received: from localhsot (localhost [127.0.0.1])        by ubuntu-7.example.jp (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8A4362036E        for ; Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:44:25 +0000 (UTC) Message-Id: <20101228044433.8A4362036E@ubuntu-7.example.jp> Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:44:25 +0000 (UTC) From: root@example.jp To: undisclosed-recipients:; bbbb zz root@ubuntu-7:~#

Maildir形式に変更

root@ubuntu-7:~# postconf -e "home_mailbox = Maildir/" root@ubuntu-7:~# postconf -e "mailbox_command = "

変更後のコンフィグ

root@ubuntu-7:~# egrep -v ^# /etc/postfix/main.cf | egrep -v ^$ smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = no smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache myhostname = ubuntu-7.example.jp alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = ubuntu-7.example.jp, localhost.example.jp, example.jp, localhost relayhost = mynetworks = 192.168.11.0/24 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all home_mailbox = Maildir/ mailbox_command =

Postfixをリロード

root@ubuntu-7:~# postfix reload postfix/postfix-script: refreshing the Postfix mail system

/home/ユーザ/Maildir ディレクトリ下にメール毎にファイルが作成される。

test01@ubuntu-7:~$ cat Maildir/new/12935121 1293512106.V801I40a7dM892581.ubuntu-7  1293512159.V801I40a84M99355.ubuntu-7 test01@ubuntu-7:~$ cat Maildir/new/12935121* Return-Path: X-Original-To: test01@example.jp Delivered-To: test01@example.jp Received: from local (localhost [127.0.0.1])        by ubuntu-7.example.jp (Postfix) with ESMTP id 73CF12036E        for ; Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:54:51 +0000 (UTC) Message-Id: <20101228045500.73CF12036E@ubuntu-7.example.jp> Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:54:51 +0000 (UTC) From: root@example.jp To: undisclosed-recipients:; mail 1 Return-Path: X-Original-To: test01@example.jp Delivered-To: test01@example.jp Received: from local (localhost [127.0.0.1])        by ubuntu-7.example.jp (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6EDAE2036E;        Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:55:14 +0000 (UTC) Message-Id: <20101228045518.6EDAE2036E@ubuntu-7.example.jp> Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:55:14 +0000 (UTC) From: root@example.jp To: undisclosed-recipients:; mail 2 test01@ubuntu-7:~$

[ IMAP 、POP3の設定: courier-pop , courier-imap ]

root@ubuntu-7:~# apt-get install courier-pop courier-imap

設定ファイル ( authdamonrc , imapd , pop3d ) 。デフォルトのまま。

root@ubuntu-7:/etc/courier# pwd /etc/courier root@ubuntu-7:/etc/courier# ls authdaemonrc  imapd  pop3d  shared

デーモン起動

root@ubuntu-7:~# /etc/init.d/courier-pop start root@ubuntu-7:~# /etc/init.d/courier-imap start root@ubuntu-7:~# /etc/init.d/courier-authdaemon start ←これ起動しないと認証できない

POP3(TCP 110)で認証、メールチェックができることを確認

test01@ubuntu-7:~$ netcat localhost 110 +OK Hello there. user test01 +OK Password required. pass test01 +OK logged in. LIST +OK POP3 clients that break here, they violate STD53. 1 439 2 415 . RETR 1 +OK 439 octets follow. Return-Path: X-Original-To: test01@example.jp Delivered-To: test01@example.jp Received: from local (localhost [127.0.0.1])        by ubuntu-7.example.jp (Postfix) with ESMTP id 73CF12036E        for ; Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:54:51 +0000 (UTC) Message-Id: <20101228045500.73CF12036E@ubuntu-7.example.jp> Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2010 04:54:51 +0000 (UTC) From: root@example.jp To: undisclosed-recipients:; mail 1 . quit +OK Bye-bye. test01@ubuntu-7:~$

IMAPもチェック
ログイン確認だけ。(赤字はタイプしたところ)

test01@ubuntu-7:~$ netcat localhost 143 * OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 UIDPLUS CHILDREN NAMESPACE THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT THREAD=REFERENCES SORT QUOTA IDLE ACL ACL2=UNION] Courier-IMAP ready. Copyright 1998-2008 Double Precision, Inc.  See COPYING for distribution information. a login test01 test01  ← a login ユーザ名　パスワード a OK LOGIN Ok. a logout　←ログアウト * BYE Courier-IMAP server shutting down a OK LOGOUT completed test01@ubuntu-7:~$

・Aliasの設定

alias の参照を有効にする

root@ubuntu-7:/etc/courier# postconf alias_maps alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases

テスト用ユーザ test02 を作成

root@ubuntu-7:~# useradd -m -s /bin/bash test02 root@ubuntu-7:~# passwd test02

root@ubuntu-7:~# egrep -v ^# /etc/aliases postmaster:    root　←もとから test01: test02　←追加

/etc/alias を更新

root@ubuntu-7:~# newaliases

test01 にメールを送信。test02におくられないな。。
test02のドメインが example.jp じゃなくて、defaultdomain になってる。

Dec 28 06:16:49 ubuntu-7 postfix/local[3992]: 6608E2036C: to=, relay=local, delay=12, delays=12/0.01/0/0.01, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (forwarded as C14392036D) Dec 28 06:16:49 ubuntu-7 postfix/qmgr[3912]: 6608E2036C: removed Dec 28 06:16:49 ubuntu-7 postfix/smtp[3993]: C14392036D: to=, orig_to=, relay=none, delay=0.03, delays=0.01/0.01/0/0, dsn=5.4.4, status=bounced (Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=ubuntu-7.defaultdomain type=A: Host not found)

これが原因かな。/etc/mailnameの defaultdomain を example.jp に変更。

root@ubuntu-7:~# cat /etc/mailname ubuntu-7.defaultdomain root@ubuntu-7:~# hostname --fqdn > /etc/mailname root@ubuntu-7:~# cat /etc/mailname ubuntu-7.example.jp root@ubuntu-7:~# postfix reload

再度トライ。
test02にメールがとどいた。

root@ubuntu-7:~# cat /home/test02/Maildir/new/1293519285.V801I424cdM23390.ubuntu-7 Return-Path: X-Original-To: test01@example.jp Delivered-To: test01@example.jp Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])        by ubuntu-7.example.jp (Postfix) with ESMTP id 103F52044F        for ; Tue, 28 Dec 2010 06:54:31 +0000 (UTC) Message-Id: <20101228065440.103F52044F@ubuntu-7.example.jp> Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2010 06:54:31 +0000 (UTC) From: root@example.jp To: undisclosed-recipients:; hello bye

Dec 28 06:54:19 ubuntu-7 postfix/smtpd[4202]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1] Dec 28 06:54:40 ubuntu-7 postfix/smtpd[4202]: 103F52044F: client=localhost[127.0.0.1] Dec 28 06:54:44 ubuntu-7 postfix/cleanup[4207]: 103F52044F: message-id=<20101228065440.103F52044F@ubuntu-7.example.jp> Dec 28 06:54:45 ubuntu-7 postfix/qmgr[4175]: 103F52044F: from=, size=348, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Dec 28 06:54:45 ubuntu-7 postfix/local[4208]: 103F52044F: to=, orig_to=, relay=local, delay=13, delays=13/0.02/0/0.01, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir)

・ユーザ単位でフォワード .forward ファイル

test03@ubuntu-7:~$ whoami test03

test03@example.jp あては test04@example.jp にフォワードされる。

test03@ubuntu-7:~$ cat .forward test04@example.jp

test03にメールを送信。test04にフォワードされた。

root@ubuntu-7:~# cat /home/test04/Maildir/new/1293520445.V801I617a8M707371.ubuntu-7 Return-Path: X-Original-To: test03@example.jp Delivered-To: test04@example.jp Received: by ubuntu-7.example.jp (Postfix)        id A8E9520469; Tue, 28 Dec 2010 07:14:05 +0000 (UTC) Delivered-To: test03@example.jp Received: from localhsot (localhost [127.0.0.1])        by ubuntu-7.example.jp (Postfix) with ESMTP id 718C02044F        for ; Tue, 28 Dec 2010 07:13:51 +0000 (UTC) Message-Id: <20101228071400.718C02044F@ubuntu-7.example.jp> Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2010 07:13:51 +0000 (UTC) From: test@fsdafsd.jp To: undisclosed-recipients:; have fun!

Dec 28 07:14:05 ubuntu-7 postfix/qmgr[4175]: A8E9520469: from=, size=479, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Dec 28 07:14:05 ubuntu-7 postfix/local[4287]: 718C02044F: to=, relay=local, delay=14, delays=14/0.01/0/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (forwarded as A8E9520469) Dec 28 07:14:05 ubuntu-7 postfix/qmgr[4175]: 718C02044F: removed Dec 28 07:14:05 ubuntu-7 postfix/local[4287]: A8E9520469: to=, orig_to=, relay=local, delay=0.03, delays=0.01/0/0/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir)

・バーチャルドメインの設定

1台のマシンで複数のドメインを扱う。
example.jp
example2.jp

example2.jp のMXもひけるようにBINDを設定

root@ubuntu-7:~# dig example2.jp mx ; <<>> DiG 9.7.0-P1 <<>> example2.jp mx ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 31391 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;example2.jp.                   IN      MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: example2.jp.            3600    IN      MX      0 ubuntu-7.example2.jp. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: example2.jp.            3600    IN      NS      ubuntu-7.example2.jp. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ubuntu-7.example2.jp.   3600    IN      A       192.168.11.150

main.cf を編集。

root@ubuntu-7:~# postconf -e "virtual_alias_domains = example2.jp" root@ubuntu-7:~# postconf -e "virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual" root@ubuntu-7:~# root@ubuntu-7:~# postconf virtual_alias_domains virtual_alias_domains = example2.jp root@ubuntu-7:~# postconf virtual_alias_maps virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

info@example2.jp は test04 へ。

root@ubuntu-7:~# cat /etc/postfix/virtual info@example2.jp        test04

MAP DBを作成

root@ubuntu-7:~# postmap /etc/postfix/virtual

/etc/postfix/virtual を /etc/postfix/virtual.db ファイルに変換する。

root@ubuntu-7:~# file /etc/postfix/virtual.db /etc/postfix/virtual.db: Berkeley DB (Hash, version 9, native byte-order)

root@ubuntu-7:~# postfix reload

info@example2.jp あてにメールを送信。 test04 に送信される。

Dec 28 07:56:56 ubuntu-7 postfix/qmgr[4387]: 09FA02044F: from=, size=353, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Dec 28 07:56:56 ubuntu-7 postfix/local[4400]: 09FA02044F: to=, orig_to=, relay=local, delay=16, delays=16/0.01/0/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir)

root@ubuntu-7:~# cat /home/test04/Maildir/new/1293523016.V801I617b3M731511.ubuntu-7 Return-Path: X-Original-To: info@example2.jp Delivered-To: test04@ubuntu-7.example.jp Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])        by ubuntu-7.example.jp (Postfix) with ESMTP id 09FA02044F        for ; Tue, 28 Dec 2010 07:56:40 +0000 (UTC) Message-Id: <20101228075650.09FA02044F@ubuntu-7.example.jp> Date: Tue, 28 Dec 2010 07:56:40 +0000 (UTC) From: root@example.jp To: undisclosed-recipients:; have a nice day!